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span.3CharChar5
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span.2Char
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span.13Char
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span.3Char0
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span.4Char
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<body lang=ZH-CN link=blue vlink=purple style='text-justify-trim:punctuation'>

<div class=WordSection1 style='layout-grid:15.6pt'>

<p class=ab><a name="_Toc53320655"><span style='font-family:黑体'>程序</span><span
lang=EN-US>14-1 linux/include/a.out.h</span></a></p>

<div class=a align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>

<hr size=4 width="100%" align=center>

</span></div>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp; <u><span style='color:blue'>1</span></u>
#ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>_A_OUT_H</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp; <u><span style='color:blue'>2</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>_A_OUT_H</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp; <u><span style='color:blue'>3</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp; <u><span style='color:blue'>4</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>__GNU_EXEC_MACROS__</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp; <u><span style='color:blue'>5</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>第<span lang=EN-US>6--108</span>行是该文件第<span
lang=EN-US>1</span>部分。定义目标文件执行结构以及相关操作的宏定义。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>目标文件头结构。参见程序后的详细说明。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // =============================</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // unsigned long a_magic&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
// </span>执行文件魔数。使用<span lang=EN-US>N_MAGIC</span>等宏访问。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // unsigned
a_text&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
// </span>代码长度，字节数。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // unsigned
a_data&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
// </span>数据长度，字节数。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // unsigned
a_bss&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
// </span>文件中的未初始化数据区长度，字节数。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // unsigned
a_syms&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
// </span>文件中的符号表长度，字节数。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // unsigned
a_entry&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
// </span>执行开始地址。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // unsigned
a_trsize&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>代码重定位信息长度，字节数。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // unsigned
a_drsize&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>数据重定位信息长度，字节数。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // -----------------------------</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp; <u><span style='color:blue'>6</span></u>
struct <u><span style='color:blue'>exec</span></u> {</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp; <u><span style='color:blue'>7</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;
unsigned long a_magic;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <b><i>/* Use
macros N_MAGIC, etc for access */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp; <u><span style='color:blue'>8</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;
unsigned
a_text;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<b><i>/* length of text, in bytes */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp; <u><span style='color:blue'>9</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;
unsigned
a_data;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<b><i>/* length of data, in bytes */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>10</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;
unsigned
a_bss;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<b><i>/* length of uninitialized data area for file, in bytes */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>11</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;
unsigned
a_syms;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<b><i>/* length of symbol table data in file, in bytes */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>12</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;
unsigned
a_entry;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<b><i>/* start address */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>13</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;
unsigned
a_trsize;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <b><i>/*
length of relocation info for text, in bytes */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>14</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;
unsigned a_drsize;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<b><i>/* length of relocation info for data, in bytes */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>15</span></u> };</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>16</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>用于取上述<span lang=EN-US>exec</span>结构中的魔数。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>17</span></u>
#ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_MAGIC</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>18</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_MAGIC</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>exec</span></u>) ((<u><span style='color:blue'>exec</span></u>).a_magic)</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>19</span></u>
#endif</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>20</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>21</span></u>
#ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>OMAGIC</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>22</span></u> <b><i>/*
Code indicating object file or impure executable.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* </span>指明为目标文件或者不纯的可执行文件的代号<span
lang=EN-US> */</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>历史上最早在<span
lang=EN-US>PDP-11</span>计算机上，魔数（幻数）是八进制数<span lang=EN-US>0407</span>（<span
lang=EN-US>0x107</span>）。它位于执行程序</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>头结构的开始处。原本是<span
lang=EN-US>PDP-11</span>的一条跳转指令，表示跳转到随后<span lang=EN-US>7</span>个字后的代码开始处。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>这样加载程序（<span
lang=EN-US>loader</span>）就可以在把执行文件放入内存后直接跳转到指令开始处运行。 现在</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>已没有程序使用这种方法，但这个八进制数却作为识别文件类型的标志（魔数）保留了下来。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // OMAGIC</span>可以认为是<span
lang=EN-US>Old Magic </span>的意思。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>23</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>OMAGIC</span></u> 0407</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>24</span></u> <b><i>/*
Code indicating pure executable.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* </span>指明为纯可执行文件的代号<span
lang=EN-US> */&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // New Magic</span>，<span
lang=EN-US>1975</span>年以后开始使用。涉及虚存机制。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>25</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>NMAGIC</span></u> 0410&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
// 0410 == 0x108</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>26</span></u> <b><i>/*
Code indicating demand-paged executable.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* </span>指明为需求分页处理的可执行文件<span
lang=EN-US> */ // </span>其头结构占用文件开始处<span lang=EN-US>1K</span>空间。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>27</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>ZMAGIC</span></u>
0413&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
// 0413 == 0x10b</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>28</span></u>
#endif <b><i>/* not OMAGIC */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>29</span></u> // </span>另外还有一个<span
lang=EN-US>QMAGIC</span>，是为了节约磁盘容量，把盘上执行文件的头结构与代码紧凑存放。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>下面宏用于判断魔数字段的正确性。如果魔数不能被识别，则返回真。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>30</span></u>
#ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_BADMAG</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>31</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_BADMAG</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
\</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>32</span></u>&nbsp;
(<u><span style='color:blue'>N_MAGIC</span></u>(<u><span style='color:blue'>x</span></u>)
!= <u><span style='color:blue'>OMAGIC</span></u> &amp;&amp; <u><span
style='color:blue'>N_MAGIC</span></u>(<u><span style='color:blue'>x</span></u>)
!= <u><span style='color:blue'>NMAGIC</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
\</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>33</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;
&amp;&amp; <u><span style='color:blue'>N_MAGIC</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) != <u><span style='color:blue'>ZMAGIC</span></u>)</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>34</span></u>
#endif</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>35</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>36</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>_N_BADMAG</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
\</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>37</span></u>&nbsp;
(<u><span style='color:blue'>N_MAGIC</span></u>(<u><span style='color:blue'>x</span></u>)
!= <u><span style='color:blue'>OMAGIC</span></u> &amp;&amp; <u><span
style='color:blue'>N_MAGIC</span></u>(<u><span style='color:blue'>x</span></u>)
!= <u><span style='color:blue'>NMAGIC</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
\</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>38</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;
&amp;&amp; <u><span style='color:blue'>N_MAGIC</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) != <u><span style='color:blue'>ZMAGIC</span></u>)</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>39</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>目标文件头结构末端到<span
lang=EN-US>1024</span>字节之间的长度。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>40</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>_N_HDROFF</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) (<u><span style='color:blue'>SEGMENT_SIZE</span></u>
- sizeof (struct <u><span style='color:blue'>exec</span></u>))</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>41</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>下面宏用于操作目标文件的内容，包括<span
lang=EN-US>.o</span>模块文件和可执行文件。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>代码部分起始偏移值。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>如果文件是 <span
lang=EN-US>ZMAGIC</span>类型的，即是执行文件，那么代码部分是从执行文件的<span lang=EN-US>1024</span>字节偏移处</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>开始；否则执行代码部分紧随执行头结构末端（<span
lang=EN-US>32</span>字节）开始，即文件是模块文件（<span lang=EN-US>OMAGIC</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>类型）。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>42</span></u>
#ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_TXTOFF</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>43</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_TXTOFF</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) \</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>44</span></u>&nbsp;
(<u><span style='color:blue'>N_MAGIC</span></u>(<u><span style='color:blue'>x</span></u>)
== <u><span style='color:blue'>ZMAGIC</span></u> ? <u><span style='color:blue'>_N_HDROFF</span></u>((<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>)) + sizeof (struct <u><span style='color:blue'>exec</span></u>)
: sizeof (struct <u><span style='color:blue'>exec</span></u>))</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>45</span></u>
#endif</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>46</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>数据部分起始偏移值。从代码部分末端开始。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>47</span></u>
#ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_DATOFF</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>48</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_DATOFF</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) (<u><span style='color:blue'>N_TXTOFF</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) + (<u><span style='color:blue'>x</span></u>).a_text)</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>49</span></u>
#endif</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>50</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>代码重定位信息偏移值。从数据部分末端开始。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>51</span></u>
#ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_TRELOFF</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>52</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_TRELOFF</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) (<u><span style='color:blue'>N_DATOFF</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) + (<u><span style='color:blue'>x</span></u>).a_data)</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>53</span></u>
#endif</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>54</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>数据重定位信息偏移值。从代码重定位信息末端开始。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>55</span></u>
#ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_DRELOFF</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>56</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_DRELOFF</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) (<u><span style='color:blue'>N_TRELOFF</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) + (<u><span style='color:blue'>x</span></u>).a_trsize)</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>57</span></u>
#endif</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>58</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>符号表偏移值。从上面数据段重定位表末端开始。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>59</span></u>
#ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_SYMOFF</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>60</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_SYMOFF</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) (<u><span style='color:blue'>N_DRELOFF</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) + (<u><span style='color:blue'>x</span></u>).a_drsize)</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>61</span></u>
#endif</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>62</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>字符串信息偏移值。在符号表之后。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>63</span></u>
#ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_STROFF</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>64</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_STROFF</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) (<u><span style='color:blue'>N_SYMOFF</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) + (<u><span style='color:blue'>x</span></u>).a_syms)</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>65</span></u>
#endif</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>66</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>下面对可执行文件被加载到内存（逻辑空间）中的位置情况进行操作。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>67</span></u> <b><i>/*
Address of text segment in memory after it is loaded.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* </span>代码段加载后在内存中的地址<span
lang=EN-US> */</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>68</span></u>
#ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_TXTADDR</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>69</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_TXTADDR</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) 0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
// </span>可见，代码段从地址<span lang=EN-US>0</span>开始执行。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>70</span></u>
#endif</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>71</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>72</span></u> <b><i>/*
Address of data segment in memory after it is loaded.</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>73</span></u> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Note
that it is up to you to define SEGMENT_SIZE</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>74</span></u> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on
machines not listed here.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* </span>数据段加载后在内存中的地址。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>注意，对于下面没有列出名称的机器，需要你自己来定义</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>对应的<span
lang=EN-US>SEGMENT_SIZE */</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>75</span></u> #if
defined(vax) || defined(hp300) || defined(pyr)</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>76</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>SEGMENT_SIZE</span></u> <u><span
style='color:blue'>PAGE_SIZE</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>77</span></u>
#endif</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>78</span></u>
#ifdef&nbsp; hp300</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>79</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>PAGE_SIZE</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
4096</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>80</span></u>
#endif</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>81</span></u>
#ifdef&nbsp; sony</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>82</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>SEGMENT_SIZE</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
0x2000</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>83</span></u>
#endif&nbsp; <b><i>/* Sony.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>84</span></u>
#ifdef is68k</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>85</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>SEGMENT_SIZE</span></u> 0x20000</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>86</span></u>
#endif</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>87</span></u> #if
defined(m68k) &amp;&amp; defined(PORTAR)</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>88</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>PAGE_SIZE</span></u> 0x400</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>89</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>SEGMENT_SIZE</span></u> <u><span
style='color:blue'>PAGE_SIZE</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>90</span></u>
#endif</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>91</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>这里，<span lang=EN-US>Linux
0.12</span>内核把内存页定义为<span lang=EN-US>4KB</span>，段大小定义为<span lang=EN-US>1KB</span>。因此没有使用上面的定义。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>92</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>PAGE_SIZE</span></u> 4096</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>93</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>SEGMENT_SIZE</span></u> 1024</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>94</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>以段为界的大小（进位方式）。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>95</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>_N_SEGMENT_ROUND</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) (((<u><span style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) +
<u><span style='color:blue'>SEGMENT_SIZE</span></u> - 1) &amp; ~(<u><span
style='color:blue'>SEGMENT_SIZE</span></u> - 1))</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>96</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>代码段尾地址。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>97</span></u>
#define <u><span style='color:blue'>_N_TXTENDADDR</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) (<u><span style='color:blue'>N_TXTADDR</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>)+(<u><span style='color:blue'>x</span></u>).a_text)</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>98</span></u> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>数据段开始地址。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>如果文件是<span lang=EN-US>OMAGIC</span>类型的，那么数据段就直接紧随代码段后面。否则的话数据段地址从代码</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>段后面段边界开始（<span
lang=EN-US>1KB</span>边界对齐）。例如<span lang=EN-US>ZMAGIC</span>类型的文件。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;<u><span style='color:blue'>99</span></u>
#ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_DATADDR</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>100</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_DATADDR</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) \</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>101</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (<u><span style='color:blue'>N_MAGIC</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>)==<u><span style='color:blue'>OMAGIC</span></u>?
(<u><span style='color:blue'>_N_TXTENDADDR</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>)) \</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>102</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : (<u><span style='color:blue'>_N_SEGMENT_ROUND</span></u>
(<u><span style='color:blue'>_N_TXTENDADDR</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>))))</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>103</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>104</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>105</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>/* Address of bss segment in memory after it is loaded.&nbsp;
*/</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* bss</span>段加载到内存以后的地址<span
lang=EN-US> */</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>未初始化数据段<span
lang=EN-US>bbs</span>位于数据段后面，紧跟数据段。</p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>106</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_BSSADDR</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>107</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_BSSADDR</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) (<u><span style='color:blue'>N_DATADDR</span></u>(<u><span
style='color:blue'>x</span></u>) + (<u><span style='color:blue'>x</span></u>).a_data)</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>108</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>109</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>第<span lang=EN-US>110—185</span>行是第<span
lang=EN-US>2</span>部分。对目标文件中的符号表项和相关操作宏进行定义和说明。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // a.out</span>目标文件中符号表项结构（符号表记录结构）。参见程序后的详细说明。</p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>110</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #ifndef N_NLIST_DECLARED</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>111</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> struct <u><span style='color:blue'>nlist</span></u> {</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>112</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; union {</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>113</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; char *n_name;</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>114</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; struct <u><span style='color:blue'>nlist</span></u>
*n_next;</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>115</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; long n_strx;</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>116</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; } n_un;</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>117</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned char n_type;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
// </span>该字节分成<span lang=EN-US>3</span>个字段，<span lang=EN-US>146--154</span>行是相应字段的屏蔽码。</p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>118</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; char n_other;</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>119</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; short n_desc;</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>120</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned long n_value;</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>121</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> };</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>122</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>123</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>下面定义<span lang=EN-US>nlist</span>结构中<span
lang=EN-US>n_type</span>字段值的常量符号。</p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>124</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_UNDF</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>125</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_UNDF</span></u> 0</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>126</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>127</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_ABS</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>128</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_ABS</span></u> 2</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>129</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>130</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_TEXT</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>131</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_TEXT</span></u> 4</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>132</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>133</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_DATA</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>134</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_DATA</span></u> 6</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>135</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>136</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_BSS</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>137</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_BSS</span></u> 8</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>138</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>139</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_COMM</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>140</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_COMM</span></u> 18</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>141</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>142</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_FN</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>143</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_FN</span></u> 15</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>144</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>145</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // </span>以下<span lang=EN-US>3</span>个常量定义是<span
lang=EN-US>nlist</span>结构中<span lang=EN-US>n_type</span>字段的屏蔽码（八进程表示）。</p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>146</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_EXT</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>147</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_EXT</span></u> 1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
// 0x01</span>（<span lang=EN-US>0b0000,0001</span>）符号是否是外部的（全局的）。</p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>148</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>149</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_TYPE</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>150</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_TYPE</span></u> 036&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
// 0x1e</span>（<span lang=EN-US>0b0001,1110</span>）符号的类型位。</p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>151</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>152</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #ifndef <u><span style='color:blue'>N_STAB</span></u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
// STAB -- </span>符号表类型（<span lang=EN-US>Symbol table types</span>）。</p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>153</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_STAB</span></u> 0340&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
// 0xe0</span>（<span lang=EN-US>0b1110,0000</span>）这几个比特用于符号调试器。</p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>154</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>155</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>156</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>/* The following type indicates the definition of a symbol as
being</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>157</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;an indirect reference to another
symbol.&nbsp; The other symbol</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>158</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;appears as an undefined reference,
immediately following this symbol.</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>159</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>160</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Indirection is asymmetrical.&nbsp; The
other symbol's value will be used</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>161</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to satisfy requests for the indirect
symbol, but not vice versa.</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>162</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If the other symbol does not have a
definition, libraries will</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>163</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be searched to find a definition.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* </span>下面的类型指明对一个符号的定义是作为对另一个符号的间接引用。紧接该</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * </span>符号的其他的符号呈现为未定义的引用。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * </span>这种间接引用是不对称的。另一个符号的值将被用于满足间接符号的要求，</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; * </span>但反之则不然。如果另一个符号没有定义，则将搜索库来寻找一个定义<span
lang=EN-US> */</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>164</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_INDR</span></u> 0xa</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>165</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>166</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>/* The following symbols refer to set elements.</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>167</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;All the N_SET[ATDB] symbols with the same
name form one set.</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>168</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Space is allocated for the set in the text
section, and each set</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>169</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;element's value is stored into one word of
the space.</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>170</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The first word of the space is the length
of the set (number of elements).</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>171</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>172</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The address of the set is made into an
N_SETV symbol</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>173</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;whose name is the same as the name of the
set.</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>174</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This symbol acts like a N_DATA global
symbol</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span
 lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>175</span></u><span lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in</i></b></span><b><i><span
lang=EN-US> that it can satisfy undefined external references.&nbsp; */</span></i></b></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* </span>下面的符号与集合元素有关。所有具有相同名称<span
lang=EN-US>N_SET[ATDB]</span>的符号</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>形成一个集合。在代码部分中已为集合分配了空间，并且每个集合元素</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>的值存放在一个字（<span
lang=EN-US>word</span>）的空间中。空间的第一个字存有集合的长度（集合元素数目）。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>集合的地址被放入一个<span
lang=EN-US>N_SETV</span>符号中，它的名称与集合同名。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>在满足未定义的外部引用方面，该符号的行为象一个<span
lang=EN-US>N_DATA</span>全局符号。<span lang=EN-US>*/</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>176</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>177</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>/* These appear as input to LD, in a .o file.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* </span>以下这些符号在<span
lang=EN-US> .o </span>文件中是作为链接程序<span lang=EN-US>LD</span>的输入。<span lang=EN-US>*/</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>178</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_SETA</span></u>&nbsp;
0x14&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <b><i>/* Absolute set element
symbol */</i></b> &nbsp;/* </span>绝对集合元素符号<span lang=EN-US> */</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>179</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_SETT</span></u>&nbsp;
0x16&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <b><i>/* Text set element symbol
*/</i></b> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* </span>代码集合元素符号<span lang=EN-US> */</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>180</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_SETD</span></u>&nbsp;
0x18&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <b><i>/* Data set element symbol
*/</i></b>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/* </span>数据集合元素符号<span lang=EN-US> */</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>181</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_SETB</span></u>&nbsp; 0x1A&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b><i>/* Bss set element symbol */</i></b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* Bss</span>集合元素符号<span lang=EN-US> */</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>182</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>183</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>/* This is output from LD.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* </span>下面是<span lang=EN-US>LD</span>的输出。<span
lang=EN-US>*/</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>184</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #define <u><span style='color:blue'>N_SETV</span></u>&nbsp; 0x1C&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <b><i>/* Pointer to set vector in data area.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
/* </span>指向数据区中集合向量。<span lang=EN-US>*/</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>185</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>186</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #ifndef N_RELOCATION_INFO_DECLARED</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>187</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>188</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>/* This structure describes a single relocation to be
performed.</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>189</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The text-relocation section of the file is
a vector of these structures,</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>190</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all of which apply to the text section.</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>191</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Likewise, the data-relocation section
applies to the data section.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* </span>下面结构描述单个重定位操作的执行。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>文件的代码重定位部分是这些结构的一个数组，所有这些适用于代码部分。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>类似地，数据重定位部分用于数据部分。<span
lang=EN-US>*/</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>192</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // a.out</span>目标文件中代码和数据重定位信息结构。</p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>193</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> struct <u><span style='color:blue'>relocation_info</span></u></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>194</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> {</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>195</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; <b><i>/* Address (within segment) to be
relocated.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* </span>段内需要重定位的地址。<span
lang=EN-US>*/</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>196</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; int r_address;</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>197</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; <b><i>/* The meaning of r_symbolnum depends on
r_extern.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* r_symbolnum</span>的含义与<span
lang=EN-US>r_extern</span>有关。<span lang=EN-US>*/</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>198</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned int r_symbolnum:24;</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>199</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; <b><i>/* Nonzero means value is a pc-relative offset</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>200</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and it should be relocated for
changes in its own address</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>201</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as well as for changes in the
symbol or section specified.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* </span>非零意味着值是一个<span
lang=EN-US>pc</span>相关的偏移值，因而在其自己地址空间</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>以及符号或指定的节改变时，需要被重定位<span
lang=EN-US> */</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>202</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned int r_pcrel:1;</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>203</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> &nbsp;&nbsp;<b><i>/* Length (as exponent of 2) of the field to be
relocated.</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>204</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Thus, a value of 2 indicates
1&lt;&lt;2 bytes.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* </span>需要被重定位的字段长度（是<span
lang=EN-US>2</span>的次方）。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>因此，若值是<span
lang=EN-US>2</span>则表示<span lang=EN-US>1&lt;&lt;2</span>字节数。<span lang=EN-US>*/</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>205</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned int r_length:2;</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>206</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; <b><i>/* 1 =&gt; relocate with value of symbol.</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>207</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;r_symbolnum
is the index of the symbol</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span
 lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>208</span></u><span lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in</i></b></span><b><i><span
lang=EN-US> file's the symbol table.</span></i></b></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>209</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 =&gt; relocate with the
address of a segment.</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>210</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;r_symbolnum
is N_TEXT, N_DATA, N_BSS or N_ABS</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>211</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(the
N_EXT bit may be set also, but signifies nothing).&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* 1 =&gt; </span>以符号的值重定位。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
r_symbolnum</span>是文件符号表中符号的索引。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 0
=&gt; </span>以段的地址进行重定位。</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
r_symbolnum</span>是<span lang=EN-US>N_TEXT</span>、<span lang=EN-US>N_DATA</span>、<span
lang=EN-US>N_BSS</span>或<span lang=EN-US>N_ABS</span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
(N_EXT</span>比特位也可以被设置，但是毫无意义<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。<span lang=EN-US>*/</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>212</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned int r_extern:1;</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>213</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; <b><i>/* Four bits that aren't used, but when writing
an object file</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>214</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> <b><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;it is desirable to clear
them.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /* </span>没有使用的<span
lang=EN-US>4</span>个比特位，但是当进行写一个目标文件时</p>

<p class=a><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>最好将它们复位掉。<span
lang=EN-US>*/</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>215</span></u><span
lang=EN-US>&nbsp;&nbsp; unsigned int r_pad:4;</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>216</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> };</span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>217</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif <b><i>/* no N_RELOCATION_INFO_DECLARED.&nbsp; */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>218</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>219</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>220</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> #endif <b><i>/* __A_OUT_GNU_H__ */</i></b></span></p>

<p class=a><u><span lang=EN-US style='color:blue'>221</span></u><span
lang=EN-US> </span></p>

<div class=a align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>

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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>&nbsp;</span></p>

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